Geries Shaheen • May 13, 2017

Exploring Therapeutic Intent

People with authority can influence the world in 100 days, marketing Mad Men are able to persuade the world to purchase $1,000 Playoff tickets, therapists on the other hand, well, we're a different bird all together. Therapist are the ones who understood Willy Wonka when he said "Oh, you can’t get out backwards. You’ve got to go forwards to go back." It can be incredibly difficult for the untrained eye to observe subtle patterns, hidden power struggles, and unwanted cognitive distortions.

You would think with those abilities a therapist would want to influence the world. Think again. What is influence truly? We can define influence through the method and lens of Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.

Ethos - This is when people use the platform of ethics and credibility to bring change to a person/ mentality/ situation.

Pathos - This is when people use various emotions (fear management, bandwagon, Repetition) to bring change to a person/ mentality/ situation.

Logos - This is when people use reason and logic (Facts and Stats, claims, general logic) to bring change to a persons/ mentality/ situation.

These are all very effective tools, and truly do influence clients. But is it the source and true definition of therapy?

You may also assume a therapist would want to persuade clients into betterment. Hold your horses.

When you take a deeper look into the art of persuasion, you find a handful of methods that have been proven to work. Persuasion techniques such as Reciprocity, Authority, Consistency, Scarcity, Liking, and Consensus.

Reciprocity - A waiter brings you your check, and includes a mint or chocolate, you are more likely (statistically) to leave a larger tip.

Authority - Someone placed in a powerful position requests something of you, you are more likely to follow through.

Consistency - You are asked to place a window sticker on your car to promote a radio station. You are then more likely to listen to that radio station.

Scarcity - "Ladies and Gentlemen, this is an Iphone! Most people have one, and their lives are so much better for it. You, on the other hand, lack an Iphone." This technique plays on the element of void and fear. I don't have xyz, so I must attain it.

Liking - Someone gives you compliments and positive reflections, you are more likely to continue being around them.

Consensus - A hotel room door sign reads "75% of guests reuse their towels to help the environment." You are more likely to reuse your towel.

All of these techniques work to persuade people.They exist all around us in many different ways. But is that the crux of therapy?

This leaves us with what I believe is the most reflective term in defining therapy- Empowerment . That is where, in my mind, true health exists. When a client feels empowered, understood, accepted, ...

Empowerment revolves around the client , not the treatment or modality. At the end of the day I am not aiming to influence my clients, or to persuade my client. My source of therapy is to empower. Empowerment plays on empathy, mirroring, exploring sources of self value and self strength, and developing the inner self in face of the external world.

I was raised towards the end of a generation which believed you must pull yourself up by your own bootstraps. I harp on how harmful that mentality can be. However, in treatment it could be very effective to define what bootstraps are, and possible methods to get them up. This could include, but is not limited to, the development of self reliance.

Empathy

Brene Brown does a fantastic job explaining empathy. She frames it around the idea of crawling down into the client's pit and sitting with them, versus just looking into the pit the client is sitting in, Empathy is not something you show, but rather something you exhibit, or embody. The difference means saying "Wow, this dark pit is lonely, I can understand that." rather than "Wow, that stinks that your in a lonely pit, at least you're still alive!?"

Mirroring

If you haven't had the chance to watch Fritz Perls in a therapy session, please take a moment and watch how he holds up a figurative mirror and sometimes even mimics the clients behavioral mannerisms. Mirroring shows the client their selves in a reflective way. This grants the client the ability to filter out what benefits them and what doesn't. This helps the client to understand and develop their self.

Fritz Perls & Gloria

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBqk-TZCpFA

Self Value / Self Strength

After a few sessions, I develop "life timelines" with clients. We roll out a long scroll of paper, and make a line down the center. The first dot is the day they were born, the dot furthermost to the right is present day. Placing major life events on paper offers a great deal of clarity! A client is able to see their hurt, and their joy. Their weakness and their strengths. It is easy to pin point weaknesses, they stick out like a sore thumb. Strengths however can be tricky, which is why this timeline is so powerful. The points of weaknesses do not solely exist by themselves. After every weakness or heartache exists the next movement in life. A new job, a partner, improved health, a degree, etc. You can find drives, attributes, supports, all through this timeline. Then, the most beautiful part, the client is able to draft or script their own narrative. "What will the next dot be on this page?! Write it!

Inner Self vs External World

Dallas Willard was an American philosopher who developed a model of self thinking that I believe is incredibly valid. Through his model he posed the question, "what is at our center?". The model showcases a circle within a circle, and so on until you see a dot in the middle. The idea suggested what is at our center fuels what impacts us, and how/ if we impact the world!

here it is

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FQ4MxhOn2EA/Td75csA6IzI/AAAAAAAAAcI/I2aNtv--RcQ/s1600/dwperson.png

Willard coined the model Spheres of Influence. The model itself appears very spiritual, which is not a bad thing. However, this model can be used in many different ways. It can showcase what is at the center of our selves, and then offer the opportunity to replace it with something stronger, tweak it, accept it, come to terms with it, be angry by it, etc. For some, their inner self is power, compassion, Jesus, instincts, drive, a memory.

Once this happens, the individual is more equipped and empowered to allow this inner self to impact the external world, rather than live constantly under the weight of things from the external world impacting them.

Disclaimer: In this effort to empower others, we must keep a firm grasp on legalities, self harm or harm to others, clients well being, etc.

So here is a parting question for you!

Have you learned your client deeply enough to come from their moral ground? If a persons mentality is not in their own best interest or actually harms their well being, do you feel trained enough to work on restructuring their perspective in a non biased manner? If so, how have you done this? I would love to know of any tools or techniques!



Geries Shaheen is a Provisionally Licensed Professional Counselor operating in and around St. Louis Missouri. Geries teaches psych classes as an Adjunct at Saint Louis Christian College and offers Adolescent/ Family Therapy through Preferred Family Healthcare . Geries holds his BA in Intercultural Studies from Lincoln Christian University, and his MA in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University. Holding a certificate in Life Coaching, Geries provides life coaching services to clients online throughout the nation.

Pioneer Counseling Blog

By Geries Shaheen August 11, 2026
Conversations about DSM-6 are growing louder in professional spaces . Industry leaders, researchers, and clinicians are sharing insights about what the next revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders may look like. Some projections suggest a potential release window around 2029 to 2030 , though the American Psychiatric Association has not formally confirmed a publication date. For Licensed Professional Counselors, it is important to distinguish between confirmed information and thoughtful speculation. What follows is a grounded overview of both.  What Is Officially Confirmed There has been talks of the next DSM potentially being names something totally different, as well as potentially being a living breathing document housed online rather than a printed material. This has led to thoughts that it will include a full structural overhaul as it aims to find a balance between psychiatric insight as well as lived experience data. At the moment, there has been no official announcement of: A finalized DSM-6 release date A confirmed structural overhaul A change in name Adoption of biomarkers as diagnostic requirements The APA has historically used multi-year committee processes for revision, as documented during the development of DSM-5 (Regier et al., 2013, American Journal of Psychiatry). Any specific timeline, including projections of 2029 to 2030, remains speculative unless formally announced by the APA. Documented Criticisms of the DSM Many of the concerns you listed are well documented in peer-reviewed literature, including in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Historically cited critiques include: • The DSM uses a categorical model, which may not fully capture dimensional or nuanced symptom presentations. • Emphasis on diagnostic reliability has sometimes been prioritized over diagnostic validity. • Limited integration of biological markers despite advances in neuroscience. • Heavy reliance on expert consensus panels. • Concerns about Western cultural bias in diagnostic framing. These critiques have appeared in academic discussions surrounding DSM-5 and broader psychiatric nosology debates (Hyman, 2010; Regier et al., 2013). What is important to note is that these criticisms are part of ongoing scholarly dialogue. They do not automatically predict specific DSM-6 changes. Themes Being Discussed in Professional Circles While not formally confirmed, several themes are widely discussed among researchers and leaders: 1. Greater Dimensional Integration DSM-5 already introduced cross-cutting symptom measures and severity scales. Continued movement toward dimensional models is supported in academic literature (Krueger & Markon, 2014). A future DSM may further integrate dimensional frameworks alongside categorical diagnoses. 2. Stronger Alignment with ICD There has been ongoing effort to harmonize DSM diagnostic codes with the International Classification of Diseases, maintained by the World Health Organization. Future revisions may continue this integration to improve global diagnostic consistency. 3. Inclusion of Biomarkers Despite significant neuroscience research, no current psychiatric diagnosis relies on validated biomarkers. The National Institute of Mental Health developed the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework to explore biologically informed models. However, RDoC remains a research framework and is not a diagnostic manual. Any integration of biomarkers into DSM-6 would require strong empirical validation, and no official confirmation currently exists that biomarkers will be required for diagnosis. 4. Cultural and Social Determinants DSM-5-TR expanded cultural formulation tools and updated language related to gender and diversity. Ongoing discourse suggests future editions may further incorporate cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental determinants of mental health. 5. Lived Experience Input There is broader movement in healthcare toward incorporating lived experience perspectives. While stakeholder feedback has been part of past revisions, there has been no formal announcement detailing the extent of lived experience integration for DSM-6. The direction of greater inclusivity aligns with contemporary healthcare standards but remains under development. Autism and Potential Diagnostic Shifts Speculation regarding updates to Autism Spectrum Disorder criteria reflects ongoing research around gender differences, masking, and underdiagnosis in women and people of color. Research literature supports the idea that autism presentations may differ across populations. However, there is currently no official confirmation that DSM-6 criteria changes will create a diagnostic surge. Any future criteria updates would require field trials and empirical validation before implementation. Committee Structures The APA historically forms workgroups and task forces organized by diagnostic categories and thematic areas. Planned improvement committees include the "Structure and Dimensions committee", "Functioning and Quality of life committee" "Biomarkers and Biological factors committee" " Socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental determinants of mental health committee". What LPCs Should Do Now Continue practicing under DSM-5-TR standards. Strengthen dimensional assessment skills and measurement-based care. Stay informed through official APA channels and peer-reviewed publications. Approach social media claims with professional caution. :) It is reasonable to expect that DSM-6 will aim to reflect scientific advances, cultural responsiveness, and improved diagnostic validity. However, until the American Psychiatric Association releases formal statements, timelines, or draft criteria, any detailed structural predictions remain speculative. For Licensed Professional Counselors, preparation is less about anticipating dramatic changes and more about maintaining strong assessment practices, cultural competence, and evidence-based treatment planning. Geries Shaheen is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor operating in and around St. Louis Missouri. Geries holds his MA in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University, BA in Intercultural Studies from Lincoln Christian University, and holds a certificate in Life Coaching, Geries provides life coaching services to clients online globally. Geries is EMDR trained and DBT Certified, practicing from a TIC lens.
By Geries Shaheen August 11, 2026
In behavioral health, we spend a significant amount of time discussing medical necessity. We complete assessments, symptom inventories, risk scales, progress reviews, treatment plans, and utilization documentation designed to justify levels of care to payors, agencies, and federal grant programs. Those systems are important. Accountability matters. Evidence-based care is crucial. But there is another clinical variable that often determines outcomes more than any assessment score alone: Cadence. The frequency and consistency of therapy can profoundly impact stabilization, insight development, emotional regulation, therapeutic alliance, and long-term outcomes. Yet cadence is often treated as an operational scheduling issue instead of a clinical intervention in itself. The reality is that not all clients need the same rhythm of care. Some clients benefit from: Daily therapy for intense instances. Twice-weekly sessions during periods of crisis stabilization or acute symptom escalation Weekly therapy for active trauma processing, emotional regulation development, or skill acquisition Biweekly sessions during maintenance phases Monthly sessions for relapse prevention, accountability, and long-term support after sustained improvement Research increasingly supports what many clinicians already observe in practice: matching cadence to client need improves outcomes. A 2024 meta-analysis published in the Journal of Affective Disorders found that increasing psychotherapy frequency from one session per week to two sessions per week was associated with significantly stronger treatment outcomes for depression, particularly during the acute phase of treatment. Researchers noted that session frequency appeared to matter more than total treatment duration alone. ( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032724008061? ) Additional longitudinal research comparing weekly and biweekly therapy found that clients receiving weekly therapy demonstrated higher rates of early improvement and shorter durations of suffering compared to biweekly treatment schedules. The study also emphasized that therapy frequency should be individualized because client response trajectories vary considerably. ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37870790/ ) This aligns with what clinicians see every day: Clients in early trauma work often need tighter therapeutic containment Clients learning emotional regulation benefit from repetition and proximity Clients with attachment disruptions frequently require consistency before depth Clients in relapse recovery may need increased contact before symptom escalation becomes visible in formal assessments Therapy does not occur only during the 53-minute session. It unfolds between sessions , in how quickly a client can reconnect after dysregulation, revisit a cognitive distortion before it hardens into avoidance, process a triggering event while it remains emotionally accessible, or practice a coping strategy before disengagement returns. The interval between sessions can either sustain therapeutic momentum or unintentionally interrupt it. This is where the tension between clinical reality and administrative structure often emerges. Many large agencies rely heavily on standardized assessments and federally guided documentation frameworks to determine treatment frequency and level of care recommendations. These tools create accountability, consistency, and measurable outcomes across systems. As they should, but Measurement-based care has become increasingly important in behavioral health. Some recent findings suggest that structured measurement-informed care can improve patient outcomes by as much as 24%, while psychiatric treatment incorporating routine symptom monitoring has shown remission rates up to 75% higher than treatment without ongoing measurement practices. (https://www.twochairs.com/blog/two-chairs-publishes-first-of-its-kind-study-showing-measurement-based-care-training-improves-outcomes-by-24-at-scale) Thus, assessments are snapshots. Cadence is relational. An assessment may capture symptom severity at a single point in time. Cadence captures the pace of support a client clinically requires to sustain progress between those moments. Two clients can present with similar PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores yet require entirely different treatment frequencies based on: emotional regulation capacity environmental stressors trauma acuity relapse history attachment dynamics coping skill generalization safety concerns psychosocial support systems Strong clinical work requires balancing measurable data with clinical judgment . (and often, clinical judgment comes from building clinician autonomy).( https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/measurement-based-care-in-psychiatry-clinical-outcomes-and-practical-applications ) Sometimes the most important question is not: “Can we justify this frequency to insurance?” Sometimes the more important question is: “What cadence gives this client the best opportunity to succeed?” Approximately 50% of clients discontinue therapy prematurely, with poor therapeutic fit, inconsistent engagement, and treatment structure often contributing factors. ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5600065/ ) As mental health systems continue evolving toward outcome-driven care, there is an opportunity to broaden how we define treatment effectiveness. Frequency of contact, continuity, relational consistency, and therapeutic pacing deserve greater recognition as active components of care. Otherwise they will be thrown to the wayside as mere operational details. In our industry, timing truly matters. And cadence is part of the treatment itself.  Geries Shaheen is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor operating in and around St. Louis Missouri. Geries holds his MA in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University, BA in Intercultural Studies from Lincoln Christian University, and holds a certificate in Life Coaching, Geries provides life coaching services to clients online globally. Geries is EMDR trained and DBT Certified, practicing from a TIC lens.
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